Definitely, HTML has several tags to help work with external types. You can interface with java, vbscript, flash, pdf, etc. You could absolutely expose top level methods and invoke them in JS.
HTML has support for everything you listed without resorting to JavaScript. Maybe some sort of graphic editor for a special file type isn’t possible without JavaScript? But most things really have been thought of and incorporated into html.
Browsers support HTML and JS (and a few other things not relevant to this point).
Neither HTML or JS on its own will do what you're describing. HTML doesn't allow binding to a data source. JS doesn't allow you to write HTML declaratively. So, people build abstractions.
If an abstraction ever became popular enough and futureproof enough, there could be a case for supporting it natively. But I don't know of anything that currently exists and does what you're describing.
Would love to see the results on this one. I'd still think HTML would be a better option to go, rather than JS. Java Scrip delivers alot of options but isn't that flexible as HTML
HTML doesn't do anything for JS other than provide a way to create visual interfaces. It might be comparable to the role that `tkinter` plays for Python's stdlib, but HTML alone is emphatically not a standard library.
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