Consider that America has around 45 million immigrants, most of whom probably haven't seen much of the world either. Assuming all those immigrants have no native-born children (an obviously terrible assumption), then we have 50 million passports for 250 million native-born Americans, a 20% rate. Compare that to germany's 90% rate.
Closer to 45 or 50% of Americans. 152 million valid passports in 2022 [0] vs 333 million people[1], of which ~93% are citizens [2]. The “Americans don’t have passports” idea seems to mostly be a holdover from the early 2000’s [3].
If by most, you mean >50%, then you're probably right, but but especially within EU countries, having >10% foreign nationals among the population is common. Those foreign nationals will frequently give birth to equally foreign children, who need to obtain passports whether or not they're planning to travel. (Although they frequently do travel to visit family.)
In 1990 only around 3% of the US population had a passport[1]. These days it's up to 42% due to a combination of stricter ID requirements (particularly at the Canadian and Mexican borders) and an increase in popularity of international travel among Americans in general.
Interesting to note that only ~44% of U.S. citizens have a passport[0] and most haven't ever left the country. My American parents got their passports at age 50 or thereabouts. The U.S. is big. The only other countries you can get to by land are Canada and Mexico, and only Mexico is meaningfully different culturally (sorry Canada). Everywhere else that's different is a long, pretty expensive plane flight away. If you're in the center, you're far from basically everything that isn't America. Some villages in Europe may have similar provincial people, but I get the sense they are a lot rarer.
The U.S. is probably better compared to the E.U., or maybe Europe as a whole, in most contexts. It has centralized federal power for some things (like external affairs: diplomacy, war), but its power internally is quite weak sometimes (e.g., domestic enforcement of drug law). It's more like a loose grouping of countries than many people believe.
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