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Those planes are approved at multiple levels.


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From what I gather, they have a license for a specific category (airplane) and class (multi engine land), and then (above some threshold) require type ratings for specific types.

A few layers of metal and airworthiness approval from every jurisdiction the airplane will fly through.

And multiple years of getting FAA approvals.

Planes do have standards

Those typically aren't approved for civilian air-transport though, are they?

Right, but only to configurations that have gotten FAA approval, right?

On #4, the FAA actually has multiple levels of safety. Small airplanes, including even some small jets, are certified to part 23 standards. Airliners are certified to part 25 standards, which are more stringent.

Even operationally, a part 121 operator (schedule airline) has the strictest requirements, followed by a part 135 operator (on-demand charter), followed by a part 91 (private, not for hire).


Some degree? That's putting it very lightly. FAA lets Boeing certify their own jets.

> Every airplane flies pretty much the same way

Not exactly, but that's why we have different certificates, endorsements, and type ratings that show demonstrated competence with each type of airplane.


On some FAA approval desk

Planes must be able to do this to be certified.

Anything installed in an aircraft is subject to a regulatory avalanche of paperwork, testing, and approvals.

Kit planes are the same way, but they still need to be certified before they can fly.

Aircraft should be required to be fully recertified by the FAA.

It's not just the plane that needs recertification.

All the pilots will need to get a type-rating on the new plane type as well, before they are allowed to fly it.


And yet new airframes do get certified.

You mean an airplane of a different design that would need to be separately certified?

Yes they do. I have issued clearances through Flight Service to such aircraft.

It depends on the federal government's definition of aircraft.
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