And Chile is always a special case, the combination of natural resources, small population and good public systems does wonder for the country. Despite the extreme differences, I tend to compare Chile to the Nordic countries more than with LatAm.

Not sure if that's scalable to larger countries, which is always the big question.

You are flat out wrong with this comparison. Chile has one of the lowest tax burdens in the world. It can be accurately compared to either Hong Kong or Singapore.

Average tax burden by country: https://files.taxfoundation.org/legacy/docs/OECD_Tax_Wedge_C...

Scandinavian countries have 4x higher taxes than Chile. They are polar opposites.

Do you really think that I am comparing tax burdens?

Sorry, but you're flat wrong with your understanding of what I'm comparing, which I listed in case it wasn't obvious enough.

But apparently writing down what I was comparing wasn't obvious enough for you.

If Chile can have government programs with comparable return or results to the Scandinavian countries at a fraction of the cost then they're a hell of a lot more interesting from a policy perspectives.

Comparing governments based on taxes they levy is like comparing modes of transportation based on the amount of fuel they consume.

I don't think this is a very good analogy. We compare modes of transportation based on the amount of fuel they consume all the time. Unless I'm missing your point? And not everyone likes the Scandinavian countries. They are blessed by very homogeneous populations, in a region unscathed by war the past 70 years, with abundant natural resources, and stable governments. I wouldn't exactly consider them a good model for the rest of the world and I'm not sure what there is to like about them beyond these natural advantages and the fact that most of their people are very nice... Lucky would be more like it.

For example, Norway, the richest per capita of them derives "Export revenues from oil and gas have risen to almost 50% of total exports and constitute more than 20% of the GDP."[0] not exactly something the rest of the world can model.

[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway#Economy

Also, don't confuse low population density with high natural resources. The US for example get's for more wealth from oil than Norway. Norway just has a tiny population (5.2M).

Further, the US has a much wider range of natural resources including vast coal deposits, gold, diamonds, etc.

Norway is on the far extreme with it's strict restrictions on private healthcare. Almost every other country has private healthcare insurance as at least an option.

The question tends to be how much you end up contributing towards public healthcare if you take out a private option - ranging from no difference (you pay the same taxes no matter what), to only healthcare for poor/unemployed coming out of general taxation.

There is even a portal where you can search for your ailment and choose hospital (private or public) based on their waiting lists.

https://helsenorge.no/velg-behandlingssted

The government also buys up a lot of the private spots to reduce public waiting lists. Last time I was in due to sinus infection, I went to a private and a public clinic both paid for in full by the government.

And nothing wrong with that, I actually support that model, just like in Switzerland, where healthcare is private, but mandated by the government and heavily regulated (with less-regulated private complimentary insurance options).

It allows for innovation and competition between providers, without the harm to users due to the asymmetry of power.

Oh, and births are free.

Also: are there any places that charge for births???? That sounds ridiculous and insane to me.

Then the entire US healthcare system will sound ridiculous and insane to you :)

And, to be honest, it is. I have American friends who had accidents while in developing countries (broke an arm in Costa Rica) and were puzzled that they were treated and didn't have to pay anything, or very little (broke feet in Croatia).

In the U.S., if you have decent insurance, you'll still end up paying a couple thousand or more after insurance payouts. And that's just for the birth and short (1-2 days) hospital stay. Any complications and you're potentially paying much, much more. Especially NICU, it's not unusual to pay hundreds of dollars per day of NICU care after insurance, and non-insured costs can easily end up in the tens or hundreds of thousands, and in rare situations in the millions.

The restrictions in Norway are on which services private providers are licensed to provide.

It's not that many years ago that private providers were unable to offer surgeries that were covered by public healthcare at all. E.g. most private providers in Norway once they started getting licensed at all only offered things like cosmetic surgery. The first private hospital in Norway wasn't started until 1985 (Ring Medisinske Senter, now Volvat) and I remember the controversy it caused, even though it's services originally were very restricted (they were "famous" early on for being the first place in Norway you could get breast enlargements, as they were not covered by public healthcare)

It's been softened up gradually, but you'll note i you click around on the linked provided earlier that for many types of operations the only providers are either non-profits like LHL or government run hospitals - for some this is simply because no private providers have wanted to enter that space yet, but for others it's down to concerns about availability/training making the government hesitant to allow more providers, as described elsewhere.

As I pointed out in my other reply, I'm not criticizing it (at least not as long as it is regularly evaluated for whether or not it continues to offer the best treatment options, as it seems to have been).

The argument for this has traditionally been that there is a unique scalability problem in medicine: You can't e.g. just educate twice as many heart surgeons, because they need a sufficient number of operations that they can assist in etc. to gain proficiency with real patients, and that pool of patients is limited.

This creates a problem where not restricting which services can be offered has the potential to lower quality of service for all. Something that's a particular concern in countries with smaller populations.

The services that are not restricted are in general areas where there's either a higher volume of patients, or where it requires less training. A sinus infection is a good example of both.

Note that I'm not arguing that this is worse in any way, but used it to delineate one of the most restrictive alternatives when it comes to the availability of private services.

Expectancies for a 40y man, and for 20y at both ages are somewhat lower in Brazil. This is easy to explain due to deaths by violence and traffic accidents.

Funny to see that despite being chronically underfunded AND spending way less per capita than the US, the end results are similar.

Other hand a lot of public health stuff is really cheap as long as everyone gets it and it's timely. AKA people go to the hospital and get IV fluids and sent home vs going in two days later and spending a week in the ICU (or up and dying).