Yes, similar regulatory capture happens in most accredited professions, like lawyers (bar exam), accountants (CPA) and finance professionals (CFA). It benefits the people who have already achieved the certification to make it harder for others to achieve (limit supply to increase their pricing power).
The AMA also actively lobbies against proposals to give nurse practitioners more patient access. [1]
Very hard to quantify this. CFA pass rates have trended down since the 60s, for all three tests [1]. However, it could just be that more people are taking it or less-prepared people are taking it. Also worth noting that things like derivatives, alternatives, and international standards (GIPS, FRA) weren't on the exam in the 60s.
I'm having a harder time finding pass rates for the CPA before 2006. They seem to have gone up a little in that 12 year window 2006-2017 [2]. The tax code has also gotten larger and more complex over the past 50 years, so that is worth noting.
The supply of doctors is not constrained by the AMA. The actual constraint is funding for residency slots at teaching hospitals. Every year there are students who graduate from medical school with an MD but fail to get matched to a residency and thus can't practice medicine.
Most residency funding comes from the federal government. Complain to your Congresspeople, not the AMA.
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