Compiling has generally been easier to parallelize I thought? Using make -j<whatever> has been around for a long time. If you're only compiling one file then it's harder to get an improvement, but a single file should be quick anyway so there's not a huge need to speed it up. It's not like you're doing something silly and including boost are you?
In large projects, that are multiple dependency chains, that cannot be fully parallelized. There's a critical, often a bit long path, for which single threaded is still very important. Another thing is that various platforms like nodejs, etc. may not be able to utilize parallelism much, adding to the ST importance.
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