They would have to, wouldn't they? The Sqlite VFS subsystem is the obvious place to intercept the usually local DB and WAL reads/writes and make them distributed functions that use Raft.
Yes, you have to use a forked SQLite in order to make use of dqlite.
I believe they (the LXD team) are working on upstreaming the WAL changes but due to SQLite's very strong compatibility guarantees they want to be very certain the API and protocol are correct before carving it in stone. Not to mention they are the only major users of the feature, so more widespread use would also be nice before merging it upstream.
https://github.com/canonical/dqlite/blob/master/src/vfs.h
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