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I don't know why a second house or something like that is not being taxed to the ground in California. Like Prop13 was meant to keep seniors from being evicted from their own homes? Sure, that is the primary residence. But what are they doing with the second or third house? That is clearly an economic investment. Get taxed.

Tax those extra houses harder to the point even corporates and landlords feel the heat of profiting off of homes. I don't know why it isn't done. Cali always want raise tax on the middle class but those landowners somehow aren't getting the book thrown at them.



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How does taxing existing housing magically create new houses to solve the housing crisis?

Long-term renting is just not recognized as legitimate housing in America. We are all temporarily embarrassed homeowners.

It is recognized. But I think the goal is that 90% of people should be homeowners and getting people there.

For the vast majority of people, owning a home is superior to renting. So I think most home policy is in getting people able to purchase, own, and sustain their own home.

Certainly, some people’s situation makes rent better, but it’s much smaller than people who should buy. But it’s too expensive to buy for too many people.

I don’t think someone should be embarrassed, but it’s not like the goal here is to get more people renting and fewer owning.


> the goal is that 90% of people should be homeowners

yeah right - info welcome from those that read giant books on the 2008 credit events.. one thread in that is that it was a clumsy and heavy-handed, politics-origin set of decisions to make "sub-prime" mortgage rates available widely, in order to move the homeownership rates in the general population from sixty-something percent to the glory-lands of ninety-something percent.

Well, in fact lending policy at scale did not do that, and as a side-effect the entire US and possible dollar-based credit system cracked at the base. The strongest economy in the world, actually almost did choke on credit.

Meanwhile, a recent study echoed here on YNews said that "A million homes are being kept empty while housing costs soar" WSJ . How does one reconcile this?


Sell the million homes to people who need homes? Seems like a simple option.

The key difference is that it’s not someone’s primary residence. Even I as a fairly libertarian person think it’s not a terrible policy to keep someone’s primary residence at a cheap tax level but increase the tax levels to prevent homes sitting empty for 50 out of the 52 weeks a year. Land is a finite resource. If we make the it more expensive to keep that house empty maybe it will be rented out to someone in which case you just increased the housing supply without having to build anything.

If you go that route, people will game it by dividing it among family. Instead, an unoccupied housing tax might make more sense, which is what they do in Vancouver.

A real land/property tax that forces productive use of land is also needed, but repealing prop 13 is probably never going to happen.


> If you go that route, people will game it by dividing it among family

That's okay, because it is solving the problem

Either,

A) the family member had another primary residence that they're vacating to make this their primary residence, thus freeing up the old property for someone to buy, or

B) the family member didn't already have a home, and the number of people with a home increases by 1, which is what we're trying to do in the first place


Most families have at least two people, so husband house and wife house is completely possible. You don't say anything about residing in it.

Anyways, this is a well studied problem in China where they tried this, and almost everyone successfully gamed the system that it was a no-op.


families would not have one of the spouses or one of their young children claim a separate home as their primary residence, because they would have to actually live there (thus separating them from the rest of the family) for it to be their primary residence

> You don't say anything about residing in it.

of course I did, that is what primary residence means: the place in which you primarily reside. Obviously you cannot legally claim a place as your primary residence if it isn't.

whatever laws and regulations China has around that, they aren't the ones in effect here


> of course I did, that is what primary residence means: the place in which you primarily reside

There is no legal framework in the USA to determine a primary residence.

> whatever laws and regulations China has around that, they aren't the ones in effect here

China has a much stronger system in place for determining and enforcing residency than the USA, if they can't do it, then how will we?


> There is no legal framework in the USA to determine a primary residence.

This is false: you can almost never claim a place as your primary residence in the US if it is not.

The distinction carries tax implications, which is why there is indeed law around it in the US (and why you rarely see families doing it to take advantage of already-existing first time homeowner incentives, etc.). Here's another phrasing of this:

You must occupy your primary residence by a certain date after closing, often within 60 days. You must live within your primary residence for the majority of the year[0]

> China has a much stronger system in place for determining and enforcing residency than the USA, if they can't do it, then how will we?

Maybe they do, or can, or don't, or can't, it's totally irrelevant because China's laws don't apply in the example we're discussing.

[0]: https://www.bankrate.com/real-estate/primary-residence-defin...


It doesn't. It's a populist policy usually proposed by people who don't understand how markets work.

The most generous interpretation is they think everyone wants to be a landowner and this policy would help them.


They get cause and effect backwards.

What they think is happening: investors are buying lots of houses, which is driving up prices, so getting them out of that business would lower prices.

What's really happening: supply shortages are driving up prices, which is making housing more attractive to investors.


It’s a feedback loop so it’s both directions.

Blackrock isn’t driving the demand though they merely position themselves where it already is

Taxing more doesn’t create new houses, but it does lower prices by making the properties less desirable to investors.

Investors don't pay taxes on real estate

They pass these costs directly to the renter

The occupants pay real estate taxes


Not sure where you live, but in most cases, The owner pays property tax. The rental price is based on the market rate and is not tied to the property taxes at all. Landlords will set the price as high as possible to secure occupancy regardless of the taxes they pay.

Correctly pricing a scarce resource incentivizes more efficient use of that resource.

If the property tax on your $4m SFH in Palo Alto is too high, you'll be very motivated to turn it into a 4-plex. You'll go to city council meetings, and vote against single-family zoning, and fight NIMBY lawsuits.

(Or you'll have to sell to someone who will do all of the above or pay the higher tax that you can't afford)


Or you move out so a richer person can move in.

Or it would go the other way. Just as it did when prop 13 was first passed in the face of increased assessments from demand.

A LVT (land value tax) would be more appropriate. You want people to use land more effectively and encourage high density housing. Landlords / developers shouldn't be punished for providing more housing in the same footprint.

A LVT would automatically discourage owning multiple properties unless they are all net flow positive with respect to the LVT, which would decrease vacancy.

LVT can also be adjusted to prevent rent seeking.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_value_tax


I had not heard of this strategy. Thanks for submitting it here :-) As a sidenote my father always said Prop 13 was never to protect seniors, but to help corporations buy massive plots they'd never have to pay adjusted taxes on in the future. Prop 13 locked in rates for more than just residents. I don't see an end to this without a phased elimination of prop 13, or an abrupt "now it's gone".

Homelessness will boom even more (increasing land values and taxes while on a fixed income), and small businesses will close (old buildings have low prop tax, and with most buildings triple net, the landlords don’t pay the tax).

We really signed our death sentence 20+ years ago. Californians won't have the attention span or the conviction to undo it with a phased or abrupt approach. We'll just have this unequal footing... forever

Yup, there are so many parking lots on absolute prime land in socal. Land that would turnover and rent out an entire 5 story apartment on top of it overnight, based on what neighboring plots have done. I guess having that low tax rate and renting the lot out to film shoots for their basecamp is less headache and more lucrative.

the issue with LVT is in a market where there aren't enough sales to properly value the price of land itself. It does seem to be a pretty good solution if you don't have stagnant market.

Where do you ever have an active market of raw land?

You don’t need raw land transactions. When you buy a house today it is already assessed separately from the land on which it sits.

And that assessment is based on an opinion (in other words, on air) rather than a market signal.

Not only that, it's not even an attempt to reflect the market value in most jurisdictions.

I've not heard of this: why is that? What else is it an attempt to reflect?

Here's a pretty randomly chosen one from a state that I know does the practice GP describes:

https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/3304-Gillenwater-Dr-Knoxv...

Sold in 2021 for $190K. Tax assessment in 2020 was $111K; in 2021 was $28K; in 2022 was $50K. The assessed value has no obvious tight relationship to the market value.


Eh, not quite. There are lots of market forces on that number, mainly not wanting to pay higher taxes and higher insurance and having the ability to appeal/contest it and get different appraisers.

I am not taxed differently on the land vs the buildings. There is no market force on the land portion specifically from the city. Any appeal I would make would be based on comps, which are invariably land and improvements together.

My insurance limits are distinct and negotiated between me and the insurance company, based on the cost to rebuild, which is at best loosely correlated to the current value of the improvements.


No, prop13 was meant to stop businesses and the rich from paying real property taxes (because businesses and trusts generally don't sell the property itself so never incur actual inflation values). It was sold to people as a way to stop seniors being unable to pay property taxes, and to stop Your Tax Dollars going to people in poorer parts of the state. Of course it's a constitutional amendment so cannot be overridden by any law maker for any reason, yay \o/

> was meant to stop businesses and the rich from paying real property taxes

like so many public policy, and fiscal policy decisions.. there is not one single answer. Firebrand curses at "the rich" do nothing about the serious and long-lasting effects. The truth is that in the USA, many ordinary people own very valuable assets, their home. While in other developed countries this is not the case.

Prop. 13 was very successful at doing exactly what it says on paper - locking very valuable, increasingly valuable assets, on a path of low tax. This made winners and losers. Not all the winners were "the Rich" and therefore it is useful to look more carefully at the fabric of facts.


Well said, this is not a black and white issue. Also prop 13 was a proposition, which means it was the result of a popular vote put directly to the people.

The California proposition system is one of the most democratic institutions in the US, as it is basically a form of direct democracy. The people of California voted for prop 13 by a sizable majority. If you believe democracy is a good thing, it's hard to fault this, the people voting to limit their own taxation is basically one of the founding principles of the United States.


Recently it was put on the ballot to roll back prop 13 for commercial properties, but voters didn’t pass it.

Because, people who own second and third homes have far more political influence than the by and large nonvoting renter class in california.

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